Integration of Russian speakers in the Baltic states

Abstract

The aim of the article is to investigate comparatively integration
policies of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as well as adaptation strategies of
Russian-speakers in the Baltic states following the Baltic states’ independence.
As a result, existing integration approaches, their determinants and effects
will be outlined. In addition, the study addresses the issue of shaping civic
and cultural identities of Russian speaking residents as a result of integration
processes. The analysis is based on the assumption that the Baltic states have
used different integration models as a consequence of various historical,
political and social factors. The effectiveness of the integration process has
depended on both the national strategy and the openness of the (titular and
minority) ethnic groups to adaptation in the new environment.